Spondylolisthesis

Spondylolisthesis

Causes of occurrence

Predisposing factors are:

Spondylolysis - observed in 67% of cases, mainly in men engaged in heavy physical labor. Most often occurs in the lumbar region, less often in the cervical region;

Horizontal position of the tailbone;

Spinal injury;

Underdevelopment of articular processes;

Degenerative-dystrophic changes in the facet joints;

Degeneration of the joints.

Classification

Spondylolisthesis is distinguished:

stable - when changing position, there is no change in the ratio between the displaced and the vertebrae located below

unstable - when changing position, there is a change in the ratio between the slipped vertebra and the vertebra located below.

Spondylolisthesis is classified as:

Dysplastic spondylolisthesis occurs as a result of congenital defects in the development of the sacral superior or LV vertebral arch plate.

Spondylolytic spondylolisthesis occurs as a result of an interarticular defect in the arch.

Degenerative spondylolisthesis. Depends on the instability of the intervertebral zone. In this pathology, there is no defect in the interarticular part of the arch.

Traumatic spondylolisthesis is a fracture of the articular processes or the interarticular part of the arch.

Pathological spondylolisthesis occurs during general diseases, which are also manifested in the pathology of the musculoskeletal system (Albers-Schönberg, Paget's disease, arthrogryposis, etc.). The authors also include spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis, which occur above the level of vertebral fixation, in this group.

Frequency of manifestation and location

Spondylolisthesis occurs in 7-10% of people, including children, adolescents and adults. The incidence of the disease increases with age.